In rare cases, a birth defect in which people can have an extra rib (Cervical Rib) can cause the compression of both the nerves and blood vessels. Often athletes are effected by PSS, specifically, those engaging in the repetitive over-the-head motion of their arms, including baseball or softball pitchers, swimmers, rowers, or weightlifters.Ĭauses of TOS include traumatic injuries such as whiplash, sports impact injuries or falls. PSS is more commonly seen in younger patients -in their 20s and 30s -with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Venous TOS is also possible following repetitive motion and can be sometimes referred to as Paget–Schroetter disease (PSS). Compression of the subclavian artery and vein are seen less then that of the nerves, however, tend to occur more in congenital TOS. In fact, these cases make up 90% of patients presenting with TOS. ![]() The surgery will depend on the cause of the compression.According to a 2019 study, the most common type of TOS is neurogenic, or nervy in nature – in which the Brachial Plexus is the main structure being compressed. Surgery may involve removing a portion of an abnormal first rib or releasing a muscle that joins the neck and chest. If nonsurgical treatment does not alleviate your symptoms, your doctor may advise surgery.
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